Varicose veins - This is the expansion of the subcutaneous veins with a diameter of more than 3 mm.The varicose veins develop due to the altered operation of the venous valves and the weakness of the venous wall;At the same time, the flow of the blood of the lower limbs, an increase in pressure inside the vein, which can cause chronic venous insufficiency.
Sometimes telanggiectasis and reticular veins are confused with varicose veins-open.
These are veins of diameter 3 mm and less, they do not affect the venous flow, but cause a clear cosmetic defect.
What is the prevalence of varicose veins?
The expansion of varicose veins of subcutaneous veins is present in 30% of women and in 15% of mature men.The prevalence of varicose veins of the lower limbs increases considerably with age and is present in most people over 60 years of age.The proportion of patients with trophic disorders in adulthood is only 1.8%, while at age age, the indicator reaches 20%.At the same time, each fifth patient in life is faced with thrombophlebitis.Among the reasons which lead to disability, the share of the disabled forms of veins of the veins is more than arteries.
The main risk development factors of varicose veins are:
- Elderly age
- Female
- pregnancy
- Hormonal disorders
- Positive family history
Additional risk factors:
- smoking
- High blood pressure
- constipation
The literature on additional risk factors is contradictory.In addition, the risk of developing a venous disease is low.
How are varicose veins manifest?
The most frequent manifestation is the unevenly dilated veins exceeding above the surface.In some cases, they can only be barely perceptible or determined by touch, in others, they take a winding form with the formation of nodes or apparently resemble a large group of grapes.
Often, varicose veins are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Feeling and tension in the legs
- Pain pulling and / or painful along the veins
- Quick tiredness of the legs
- Itching the skin of the legs
Rarely varicose disease can cause a syndrome of restless legs and night cramps.
What are the dangers of varicose vein?
In the absence of treatment, the progression of varicose veins can cause chronic venous insufficiency (CVN).The presence of HVN indicates severe violations of the lymphatic venous return (C3-C6-C6-C6 CEAP), which include: chronic edema (lymphédem), skin color change (hyperpigmentation), venous eczema, cutaneous compacting, trophic venous ulcer.
What are the complications of varicose veins?
Throboflebititis - The formation of a thrombus in a surface venous system is an event confronted with 20% of patients with varicose veins.Such a thrombosis is accompanied by intense pain, redness of the skin, sealing along the bottom of the leg and / or thigh.In the absence of treatment, thrombotic masses are possible to a deep venous system.
Deep venous thrombosis (TGV) - In most cases, the start of the process is asymptomatic.When thrombosis spreads to the femoral segment and the vein of the basin, the main exit from the blood of the lower limbs is disturbed, which is accompanied by severe edema and pain syndrome and is considered a situation threatening life.
Trompembolie of the pulmonary arteries (Tela) - In 10% of cases, the thrombotic masses in the deep veins of the lower limbs are fragmented and migrated to the pulmonary arteries with a blood flow, causing deaths.
What is necessary for the right diagnosis?
Given the variety of forms of vein diseases, every detail in the history of the development of patient disease and life, the presence of concomitant diseases, transactions, the result of an external examination by a doctor and the most important thing is an ultrasound, a correct diagnosis.The latter, today, is the most precise and non -informative method to study the veins of the lower limbs.
Varicose vein treatment, the most common methods:
- Medicines against the treatment of the drug vein have proven their effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of varicose veins, but they are unable to eliminate varicose veins by themselves.Pharmacotherapy is successfully used to prevent complications from risk groups, preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation.
- Compression treatment - Porter special medical knitting in the form of golf, stockings, tights.In some cases, a multi-layer bandage with elastic bandages of various extensions and compression of equipment is used.The role of compression treatment is difficult to overestimate, it is present at almost all stages of the prevention and treatment of chronic veins.
- Introduction to the light of the veins of drugs which can cause its closure.This method is a gold stallion to remove reticular veins.It is successfully used in the treatment of varicose veins of steps a large diameter and has restrictions in the elimination of the pathological blood flow of the main subcutaneous veins.
- Classic operation - Combined phleectomy, in modern performance, is carried out on an outpatient under vertebral or local anesthesia.In some cases, this is the only way possible when the target veins are very convincing and / or have high extensions.However, the method is lower than endo vascular traumatic procedures.
- Endo venous laser prison - A method of treatment of varicose veins, in which the vein is not removed, but is closed from the inside with the energy of the laser radiation, which is brought directly into the large vessel with a fiber.The effectiveness of the procedure is comparable to the results of the surgical elimination of the vein, at the same time, it is characterized by a minimum trauma.The rehabilitation time is 1 to 3 days.
- Radiofrequency prison - A progressive means of eliminating the pathological blood flow from the subcutaneous veins of the trunk.It is a completely outpatient procedure carried out under local anesthesia.The efficiency of the treatment corresponds to the classic phleectomy level, the pain syndrome is minimal or absent.The rehabilitation time is 1 to 2 days.